论中国当代学校体育改革价值取向的转换
摘 要：以社会历史发展脉络为研究主线，结合我国各阶段的历史情况，对当代学校体育改革价值取向进行了回顾与梳理。研究认为，中国当代学校体育改革价值取向的转换经历了3个历史演进阶段，即从摆脱“东亚病夫”阴影到“准备打仗”的增强体质阶段；“从体质中心到三基”的知识、社会本位阶段；“从三维健康到核心素养”的关注人的全面发展阶段。“核心素养”概念的提出为我国学校体育改革树立了风向标，“体育核心素养”的提出实现了由单方面的“社会本位”或“知识本位”价值取向向多元的“社会、知识、个人”三位一体的价值取向转换。今后我国学校体育改革价值取向应紧紧围绕体育核心素养体系的构建来贯彻落实，实现共筑我国学校体育事业的美好蓝图。
关 键 词：学校体育；价值取向；核心素养；全面发展；中国
中图分类号：G807 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116（2016）06-0001-06
On the shifting of China’s contemporary school physical education reform value orientation
——From fitness enhancement to comprehensive development
YANG Wen-xuan
（School of Physical Education，South China Normal University，Guangzhou 510006，China）
Abstract： By basing the main research logic clue on social historical development courses， coupled with China’s historical circumstances at various stages， the author correspondingly reviewed and collated contemporary school physical education reform value orientation， and put forward the following opinions： the shifting of contemporary school physical education reform value orientation went through 3 stages of historical evolution totally， namely， a stage of fitness enhancement developing from “Sick Man of East Asia” to “ready to fight”， a stage of knowledge / society based education developing “from fitness center to three-basis”， and a stage of focusing on “comprehensive development of human beings” developing “from three-dimensional health to core makings”； the putting forward of the concept of “core makings” set up a wind vane for school physical education reform in China， while the putting forward of “sports core makings” realized the shifting of the value orientation of unilateral “society based education” or “knowledge based education” to the value orientation of “the trinity of society， knowledge and individual”； school physical education reform value orientation in China in the future should be implemented closely according to the construction of the “sports core makings” system， so as to realize the beautiful blueprint of building the school physical education enterprise in China together.
Key words： school physical education；value orientation；core makings；comprehensive development；China
新中国的教育事业经历60余载的风风雨雨，取得了举世瞩目的成就。学校体育伴随着教育改革的不断深入而发生了巨大的变化，回顾我国学校体育改革价值取向转换的历程，是对我国学校体育发展取得辉煌成就的一次全方位的审视和展望。以往的研究最为关注的是“以时间节点为发展顺序、从体育学科自身特点出发、以国家政策法规为研究文本分析”等研究视角对学校体育改革价值取向问题，而“以社会历史发展脉络为研究主线”的研究较少。本研究在“以社会历史发展脉络为研究主线”的基础上，对当代学校体育改革价值取向进行系统梳理，勾勒出我国学校体育改革价值取向转换的历史轨迹，探寻思想诱因，为今后我国学校体育改革与发展提供理论依据。