PZGLI007-品质管理-06级旅游管理英语复习题必备学习
美式论文、报告写作技巧
编者按：美式教育的特点即是课程内容强调学生参与及创新运用，因此，报告便成了常见的考核学生学习成果的方式，比如实验报告、学期报告、专题报告、研究报告及论文（含毕业论文）等。研究生 presentation 及 seminar 的机会更是占很大的比重，有些甚至占学期成绩很大比例。如何完成报告、论文同时得到良好的成绩，是本文提供给有志留学的有心人参考的目的。
美国大学生由於自小已养成自动寻找答案习惯，在启发式的教育环境下，写报告、论文对他们来说比较不陌生，虽然专业知识上美国学生不见得比外籍学生强，但是表达能力由於自小培养，加上英语能力的优势，常比外籍学生在报告、论文方面有较隹的利基。反之中国学生比较缺乏报告写作的训练，因此如果在留学过程中无法适应美式教育会比较辛苦，其实论文、报告的写作要领其实不难，只要把握技巧就可水到渠成。
通常论文由篇首(Preliminaries)，本文(Texts)以及参考资料(References)三部分构成；而这三大部分各自内容如下：
(一) 篇首：
封面(Title)
序言(Preface)
谢词(Acknowledge)
提要(Summary)
目录(Tables and Appendixes)
(二) 本文：
引言(Introduction)
主体，含篇(Part)、章(Chapter)、节(Section) 、以及注释 (Footnotes)
(三)参考资料：
参考书目(References or Bibliography)
附录资料(Appendix)。
进行论文或报告写作之前，先要确定想要表达的主题，主题确定后，将其具体表达，即为题目。题目可以提供研究者：
一.研究的方向
二.研究的范围
三.资料搜集的范围
四.预期研究成果
通常在确定题目之後就开始找资料从事研究，建议在找资料之前最好去问教授有哪些参考资料来源可供参考引用。构思为确定写作大纲或 Proposal 的先前步骤， 大纲是论文、报告的骨干， Proposal 是研究的架构、流程及范围的说明书。如何构思大纲或 Proposal 为论文、报告写作前的必要准备工作。好的论文或研究报告，要基于在完整、详实的资料上，而参考资料除了和教授商借之外，最主要的来源就是图书馆了，一般参考资料来源可分成教科书或手册、政府机构的报告、科技或商业方面的杂志，及会议性质的资料。此外现代的电脑资料库也可帮助收集资料，在国外可利用学校的电脑连线资料库寻找自己需要的资料。当一切准备就绪，即可开始着手写报告，一般报告还分大报告如期末、专题等报告，及小报告如 Seminar 式的报告。
就算是小报告，也至少应含
(一)TITLE PAGES ：包含主题名称、作者、日期
(二)Summary：
即主要的结论
(三)Introduction：包括理论背景及内容
(四)Technical Sections：是论文的主体，为最重要的部份应再细分为 几个片断。
(五)Conclusions：即扼要的结论
(六)Appendixes：复杂公式的导引及叁考资料和电脑程式的报表可附加在 此项
美式报告的撰写通常要打字，两行式，行间若有未拼完的字要以音节来连接。写报告通常需要用到电脑，如有计算数字统计图表的需求，也常会用到程式软体如 PASCAL、LOTUS，统计分析软体如 SAS，也是不可或缺的，电脑绘图在今日已成为工商界及学术界的重要工具，文书处理更是最基本的要求，因此 Word for Window、Powerpoint、Excel 便成了颇受欢迎的工具。此外在英文语法、文法上的润饰与修改，如能请老美帮忙会比较好。
论文、报告完成后有时会需要做解说(Presentation)，用英文来讲演对中国人来说算是一大挑战，通常课堂讲演时间为十五分钟到三十分钟，若是论文囗试则至少一小时。投影机及麦克风的使用对讲演的效果有很大帮助，正式讲演前多预习几次，时间宜控制适中，上台时忌讳低头拿着报告照念，需留意听众的反应，切中主题，避免太多数字的导引。
6 06 级旅游管理英语复习题
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空：
1．Do you often go __shopping__at the supermarket（超市）.(shop)
2．Now more and more
foreigners_ visit Shanghai every year. (foreign)
3．Sunday is the ___first_ day of the week. (one)
4．Jane is in her room. She is getting ready for ___tomorrow’s__ lessons.(tomorrow)
5．Our maths teacher often helps ___us__ with our maths. (we) 二、选择最恰当的答案：
（ B
）1、 “I’m surprised to see her communicating with John in German. Has she
_____ German when she stayed in Berlin?”
A. taken a look at
B. picked up
C. learned from
D. brought with （
C ）2、 He would stay at home _____ to the party, because he was ill.
A. instead to go
B. instead not to go
C. instead of going
D. instead not for going （
B ）3、 Would you like ________ my class teacher tomorrow?
A meeting
B. to meet
C. meet
D. and meet （
D）4、 It’s more important for them _____ to think in the language than____ the meaning of every word.
A. learning…knowing
B. learning…to know
C. to learn…knowing
D. to learn…to know （ A
）5、 I think it difficult for me to _____ my own conclusion.
A .form
B. do
C. discover
D. speak （ B
）6、 If you don’t get more ______, you will get fat.
A. exercises
B .exercise
C. exercising
D. exercised. （
B ）7、 The doctor told him to take two pills each time and ____.
A. a day three times
B . three times a day
C. three times of a day
D. a day of three times （
C ）8、You are a new student here. Let me ________ you the way.
a. ask
b. give
c. show
D. teach （ D
）9、We have a break ________ two classes.
a. in
b. for
c. at
d. between （ C
）10、After two weeks of computer training, the students were allowed to write programs _____.
A. himself
B. ourselves
C. themselves
D. yourselves （ D
）11、His plan ____ by those who heard it.
A. was laughed
B. were laughing at
C. was laughing at
D. was laughed at （
B ）12、Not until your work is finished _____.
A. you can leave
B. can you leave C. you can’t leave
D. can’t you leave (
A
) 13、____ disturbing her, the news had a strangely calming effect. A. Instead of
B. Instead
C. In stead of
D. In the stead (
B
) 14、I know that either you or your father ____ a copy.
A. have
B. has
C. are to have
D. have had
(
A
) 15、The road is kept open _____ the year.
A. throughout
B. though
C. thoughout
D. through
三、用所给的词或短语把下列中文句子翻译成英语。
1、我将竭尽全力改正自己的错误。（try anything）
I’ll try anything to correct my mistakes.
2、我们通常用汽车把孩子们送到学校。(take) We usually take the children to school in the car. 3、他站起身来以便能看得更清楚一点。(in order to) He stood up in order to take a closer look. 4、他喜欢下棋。（enjoy）
He enjoy playing chess. 5、我有空时经常帮我妈妈做饭。(help sb. do sth.) I often help my mum cook meals when I am free. 6、你现在应该工作，而不是躺在床上。(instead of ) You should be working
instead of
lying in bed. 7、直到昨天我们才注意到了这件事。(not … until) We didn’t notice it until yesterday. 四、阅读理解。
（A）
I used to travel by air a great deal when I was a boy. My parents used to live in South America and I used to fly there from Europe in the holidays. An air-hostess would take charge of me and I never had and unpleasant experience. I am used to traveling by air and only on one occasion have I ever felt frightened.
After taking off, we were flying low over the city and slowly gaining height, when the plane suddenly turned round and flew back to the airport. While we were waiting to land, an air-hostess told us to keep calm and to get off the plane quietly as soon as it had touched down. Everybody on board was worried and we were curious to find out what had happened. Later we learnt that there was a very important person on board. The police had been told that a bomb had been planted on the plane. After we had landed, the plane was searched thoroughly. Fortunately, nothing was found and five hours later we were able to take off again. True or False（符合短文内容的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示）：
（
）1、The writer used to travel by air once a year when he was young. （
）2、His parents lived in Europe and the boy used to fly there from South America in the holidays. （
）3、An air-hostess took charge of the boy, so he always had a pleasant trip. （ ）4、Everybody on board knew that a bomb had been put in the plane. （
）5、Because there was a very important person on board, the plane required landing. 五、把下列短文译成中文 Trees are some of the oldest living things on earth. They produce beautiful blossoms or delicious fruit. They provide shade from the hot son and protection from the wind and rain. Almost everyone has a favorite kind of tree. No living thing lasts forever. Even trees become old. They lose their leaves and die. Thousands of trees burn in forest fires, and many others die from lack of water. People cut down thousands more to build houses or to make furniture. Americans think that trees are important. After a forest fire they plant new trees to replace the old ones, and the men who cut down trees often plant other trees in the same places.
Every spring there is a special day for planting new trees. This day is called Arbor Day. School children learn about trees, and on Arbor Day they plant a tree near
the school. 英语 作文常用谚语、俗语
1 、A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth. 说谎者即使讲真话也没人相信。
2 、A little knowledge is a dangerous thing. 一知半解，自欺欺人。
3 、All rivers run into sea. 海纳百川。
4 、All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。
5 、All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只会用功不玩耍 ，聪明孩子也变傻。
6 、A bad beginning makes a bad ending. 不善始者不善终。
7 、Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。
8 、A faithful friend is hard to find. 知音难觅。
9 、A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。
10 、A friend is easier lost than found. 。
得朋友难，失朋友易。
11 、A good beginning is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半。
12 、A good beginning makes a good ending. 善始者善终。
13 、A good book is a good friend. 好书如挚友。
14 、A good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。
15 、A mother"s love never changes. 母爱永恒。
16 、An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一苹果， 不
用请医生。
17 、A single flower does not make a spring. 一花独放不是春，百花齐放春满园。
18 、A year"s plan starts with spring. 一年之计在于春。
19 、A young idler, an old beggar. 。
少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。
20 、Better late than never. 不怕慢，单怕站。
21 、By reading we enrich the mind. 读书使人充实， 22 、Care and diligence bring luck. 谨慎和勤奋才能抓住机遇。
23 、Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success. 自信是走向成功的第一步。
24 、Custom is a second nature. 习惯是后天养成的。
25、 、Custom makes all things easy. 。
有个好习惯，事事皆不难。
26 、Doing is better than saying. 与其挂在嘴上，不如落实在行动上。
27 、Do nothing by halves. 凡事不可半途而废。
28 、Don"t put off till tomorrow what should be done today. 今日事，今日毕。
29 、Don"t trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. 不要自找麻烦。
30 、Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起身体好。
31 、Easier said than done. 说得容易，做得难。
32 、Easy come, easy go. 来也匆匆，去也匆匆。
33 、Eat to live, but not live to eat. 人吃饭是为了活着，但活着不是为了吃饭。
34 、Every man has his faults. 金无足赤，人无完人。
35 、Every man is the architect of his own fortune. 自己的命运自己掌握。
36 、Every minute counts. 分秒必争。
37 、Each coin has two sides.
38 、Fact speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。
39 、Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。
40 、God helps those who help themselves. 自助者天助。
41 、Health is better than wealth. 健康胜过财富。
42 、Honesty is the best policy. 做人诚信为本。
43、 、Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst. 抱最好的愿望，做最坏的打算。
44 、It is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。
45 、Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量 46 、Like mother, like daughter. 有其母必有其女。
47 、No pain ， no gain. （不劳无获。）
48 、You never know till you have tried. 不尝试，
。
不知晓。。
。
49 、An idle youth, a needy age. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。
50 、Diligence is the mother of success. 勤奋是成功之母。
51 、Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起，使人健康
、富裕和聪颖。
。
52 、Experience is the best teacher. 经验是最好的教师。
53 、Nothing in the world is difficult if you set your mind to
it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。
54 、Where there"s a will, there"s a way. 有志者事竟成。
55 、Practice makes perfect ．（熟能生巧。）
56 、Pride goes before a fall ．（骄傲必败。）
Superstar and I It’s common that many students are crazy about those
singers and actors. However,
liyundi, a pianist, is the superstar in my heart. He is a man of few words and he even looks like the greatest pianist—Chopin. When listening to his music , I can get rid of everything noisy around. What’s more, I can feel his strong love for music. Rome wasn’t built in one day. He achieved the great success through huge effort. I can learn from him that we should never give up to realize our dreams.
Superstar and I Her name
first appeared as a joke then like a wonder. She is Susan Boyle, the superstar in my heart. Although she’s not beautiful, her voice and spirit moved all the audience, including me. The song ’I dreamed a dream’ that she sang touched everyone’s heart who had a dream and wanted to realize it. She taught me how to go on my dreams as well as never to give up. She is like a sunshine that gives me hope. Where there is a will, there is a way.